People who receive artificial heart valves also receive anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulants are utilized to prevent inappropriate and dangerous blood clotting which may lead to heart attacks, strokes, cerebrovascular accidents and deep vein thrombosis. The test is primarily done to patients who are receiving anticoagulant therapy. PT INR normal values are helpful guidelines when interpreting the PT INR test result. There are various ways to test PT and because of the differences of testing methods used by laboratories, INR or international normalized ratio is used to standardize the PT test results. PT refers to prothrombin time, a type of blood test that measures a person’s blood clotting time. You may be interested in Labs to Know for NCLEX Review.PT INR normal values slightly differ between clinical laboratories. The INR is calculated from prothrombin time. Causes: clotting disorders, vitamin k deficiency, types of cancers, liver disease, or the patient is taking an anticoagulantīecause the PT range varies and there needs to be a standard way of reporting this level, especially for the patient taking Warfarin (because this medication’s dosage is calculated based on this result), the International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used.High results mean the patient has a prolonged time forming a clot:.Normal PT level is approximately 10-12 seconds.The normal range measurement varies among labs because they use different testing agents.The PT test tells us about how well the extrinsic and common pathway work together, which helps us know how fast prothrombin can turn into thrombin.Key Concepts to Remember about the PT/INR Fibrin is one of the main ingredients for clot formation because it’s a strong mesh like substance that helps create a plug to help prevent excessive bleeding (the mesh causes platelets and other blood cells to stick to it). When thrombin is on board it is responsible for turning fibrinogen to fibrin. Prothrombin turns into thrombin with the assistance of clotting factor V. Therefore, this clotting factor plays a huge role in helping the body form a clot. What’s prothrombin? It’s a clotting factor (specifically clotting factor II) and most clotting factors are made in the liver and depend on vitamin K. This will tell us how fast prothrombin turns in thrombin. Therefore, the PT/INR tells us how well the extrinsic and common pathways work together. Therefore, it checks clotting factors: I, II, V, X (clotting factors of the common pathways), and factor VII (clotting factor of the extrinsic pathway). The PT/INR assesses the EXTRINSIC and COMMON pathways. There are approximately 13 clotting factors. *Each pathway has specific clotting factors that work to form a clot. common pathway: this is where the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway meet to form a clot.intrinsic pathway: it is activated when there is internal injury within the vascular system.extrinsic pathway: it is activated when there is external injury that results in blood loss to the vascular system.The coagulation cascade includes 3 pathways that lead to the formation of a clot: The end result will be that a clot forms and this will help prevent excessive bleeding. This is beneficial when injury has occurred that could result in blood loss from the vascular system.įor example, when injury happens (whether it’s an external or internal injury), platelets arrive to the scene and this causes clotting factors to be activated in a specific order from specific pathways of the coagulation cascade. The coagulation cascade is a process made up of 3 pathways that leads to the formation of a clot. Also, it is sometimes ordered with an aPTT (which we will talk about in the next review). The PT/INR is helpful in detecting bleeding disorders because it assesses how well the coagulation cascade works. Then the lab will report the result back to you.
To obtain the PT/INR, blood will be withdrawn from a vein with a needle, collected in a special vial, and sent to the lab. The INR is calculated from the PT level and is used to monitor patients who are taking the anticoagulant Warfarin. PT stands for prothrombin time and INR stands for international normalized ratio. PT/INR LectureĪ PT/INR is a blood test used to see how fast the blood clots.
As the nurse you want to know the normal range, what the test assesses, how it’s used to monitor Warfarin therapy, and the nurse’s role.ĭon’t forget to take the quiz on PT/INR vs. The PT/INR is a helpful test for assessing the coagulation process.
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